By Jochen Clasen, Wilm van Oorschot, Knut Halvorsen, Jorgen Goul Andersen
It's always argued that eu welfare states, with regulated labour markets, quite beneficiant social safety and comparatively excessive salary equality (compressed salary structures), became counter-productive in a globalised and knowledge-intensive financial system. utilizing in-depth, comparative and interdisciplinary research of employment, welfare and citizenship in a couple of eu international locations, this publication demanding situations this view. It presents: a complete critique of the assumption of globalisation as a problem to eu welfare states; an up to date assessment of employment and unemployment degrees in Europe; special kingdom chapters with new and formerly inaccessible information regarding employment and unemployment rules written by way of nationwide specialists. "Unemployment, Welfare regulations and Citizenship" is geared toward scholars and lecturers of social coverage, welfare reviews, politics and economics.
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Extra resources for Europe's New State of Welfare: Unemployment, Employment Policies and Citizenship
Example text
The Netherlands and Finland are examples of increasing divergence within welfare/employment regimes. At the same time, we observe some convergence between such regimes. As indicated, trends in aggregate labour force participation reflect different forces: • • • • higher labour force participation by women; lower participation among the young due to higher education; lower participation among the elderly due to early retirement; lower participation among core age groups due to disability or ‘unemployability’ (and, to a lesser extent, life-long learning).
It also raises the question about what should be explained – the successes or the failures? Even though the small countries do not count much in aggregates compared to France, Italy and Germany, the new experience does seem to indicate that there are solutions other than those suggested by the ‘standard interpretation’. Furthermore, the sudden improvements could seem to question the standard diagnosis of structural unemployment: how could unemployment decline so rapidly in so many countries if it was mainly structural?
However, rigid employment protection is found to have a clear impact on the structure of unemployment, for example on insider/outsider divisions as reflected in the proportion of long-term unemployment and on precarious jobs for the outsiders (Bertola et al, 1999; OECD, 1999b, p 88; Calmfors and Holmlund, 2000; EspingAndersen and Regini 2000). Low-employment protection obviously means that employers are less reluctant to hire new workers, but data seem to indicate that, on average, much of what may be gained across countries in ‘external flexibility’ is lost in ‘internal flexibility’, if employers have fewer incentives to provide training or alternative tasks for example older workers.
